Which vitamin is NOT commonly included in pre-workout supplements?

Pre-workout supplements are typically designed to enhance energy, focus, and endurance during exercise. These products often include ingredients like caffeine, amino acids, and certain vitamins and minerals that can support performance.

Vitamin B, Vitamin C, and Vitamin A are more commonly included in pre-workout supplements because they play various roles in energy metabolism, immune support, and overall physical performance. Vitamin B complexes, for example, are involved in the energy production from carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, making them particularly relevant for those engaging in physical activity.

On the other hand, Vitamin D, while important for bone health, muscle function, and immune regulation, is not typically included in pre-workout supplements because its primary benefits do not directly relate to immediate exercise performance. Instead, Vitamin D is often looked at in the context of overall health and nutritional status rather than acute performance enhancement, which is the focus of pre-workout formulations. Therefore, Vitamin D is the least likely to be found in these types of supplements.